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Cheslatta Carrier Nation
The Cheslatta Carrier Nation Cheslatta T'En (pronounced chez-la-ta), of the Dakelh (pronounced or Carrier people, (Ta-cullies, meaning "people who go upon water.", whose traditional lands form a large portion of the Central Interior of present-day British Columbia, Canada, is a First Nation of the Nechako River area at the headwaters of the Fraser River. The Nechako /nəˈtʃækoʊ/ River was once the greatest tributary of the Fraser River, and the watershed was used by the Carrier people. For centuries the Cheslatta T'en hunted, fished and trapped there and were part of an ancient trade network called the Grease Trail The grease was actually eulachon oil〔In the opening session of the Goldthorpe Inquiry into abuses in the Indian health system, in March 1980 in Alert Bay, seven elders ranging in age from 69 to 91 years old, spoke at length of the healing qualities of traditional foods and herbs. In particular they "owed their survival to drinking oolachan oil."〕 from the oolichan, or candlefish, a fatty Pacific coast smelt. The oil was a highly prized commodity grease trail and was carried in bentwood boxes that would often leak. It was names the Alexander Mackenzie Voyageur Route, then renamed the Nuxalk-Carrier Grease Trail to honour the guides. with the Nuxalk and Chilcotin. The Cheslatta village and Cheslatta Lake were flooded due to the construction of the Kenney Dam〔In their exhibition ''Living Landscapes'', under ''Dams and Reservoirs'', the Royal British Columbia Museum included details about the construction of Kenney Dam. In selecting the site for the dam, Alcan project engineer Charles Dunn asked John Kendrick, "What is downstream there?' And I said, 'Well, I haven't seen the reach downstream from the lake here - where we were going to build the dam - to the canyon, but I have been to the canyon.' We went in from downstream looking at it for the idea of just a small power plant developing on the Nechako River. 'So what's the country like there?' and I said, 'Well, it's pretty wide'. And so we went downstream...(Royal British Columbia Museum nd "〕 which created Nechako Reservoir, in 1952. Most members now live on a dozen small scattered reserves just south of Francois Lake. In 2013 the Cheslatta Carrier Nation (CCN) "are based at Southbank, on the south shore of Francois Lake, 23 kilometres south of Burns Lake. They have eight reserves on 1,400 hectares, with all reserves located at least five kilometres apart. They have 340 members, with 125 members living on reserve, although there is no central community. The band office and other community buildings are located on a reserve about two km south of the Southbank ferry dock." The population on reserve is 167 and the population off reserve is 163, with a total of 330 according to the CNN INAC Active Band list reported in the 2011-2012 Language Needs Assessment report.
== Language ==
Cheslatta, locally called Dakelh, is a dialect of the Carrier language of the Dene (Athabaskan)family of languages. "Carrier is the general term for a complex of Athabaskan dialects in central British Columbia, adjoining (but clearly distinct from) Babine on the northwest and Chilcotin on the south." Of the 330 members of the CCN, 8 are fluent Cheslatta speakers, 18 understand or speak somewhat and 100 are learning speakers.
Dakelh/Carrier is traditionally divided into Upper and Lower Carrier. Upper Carrier includes communities to the north of Fort St. James, around Stuart and Trembleur Lakes. Lower Carrier is spoken in communities in the south. Linguists argue that Lower Carrier should be split into two dialect groups, the Fraser/Nechako and the Blackwater. The Fraser/Nechako would include Prince George, Cheslatta, Stoney Creek, Nautley, and Stellakoh. The Blackwater group would include the Ulkatcho, Kluskus, Nazko, Red Bluff, and Anahim Lake.
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